Wings Over Kansas

Cessna Citation VSP

Cessna Citation II

Cessna Citation 525A CJ2

Cessna 560XL, Citation Excel of the Swiss Air Force

The Cessna Citation is a marketing name used by Cessna for its lines of business jets. Rather than one particular model of aircraft, the name applies to several "families" of turbofan-powered aircraft which have been produced over the years. Within each of the six distinct families, aircraft design improvements, market pressures and re-branding efforts have resulted in a number of variants, so that the Citation lineage has become quite complex.

Citation product line lineage overview

FanJet 500, the prototype for the original Citation family, first flew 1969-09-15.
- Citation I (Model 500) originally called the Citation 500 before Cessna finally settled on Citation I, by which time the design had changed quite a bit from the FanJet 500. The original Citation I was one of the first light corporate jets to be powered by turbofan engines. Production ceased in 1985.
- Citation I/SP (Model 501) single-pilot operations
- Citation II (Model 550) a larger stretched development of the Model 500. Initially replaced by the S/II in production, but was brought back and produced side-by-side with the S/II until the Bravo was introduced.
  - T-47 (Model 552) is the military designation of the Citation II. The U.S. Navy purchased 15 T-47A aircraft as radar system trainers, and the DoD purchased five OT-47B models for drug interdiction reconnaissance.>
  - Citation II/SP (Model 551) single-pilot operations
    - Citation V (Model 560), growth variant of the Citation II/SP JT15D5A
      - Citation V Ultra (Model 560) upgraded with JT15D5D, EFIS instruments
        
        UC-35A Army transport version of the V Ultra.
        
        Citation V Ultra Encore (Model 560) upgraded with PW535A engines and improved trailing-link landing gear
        
        UC-35B Army transport version of the Encore.
        
        Citation Encore+ (Model 560) includes FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) and a redesigned avionics.
  - Citation S/II (Model S550) incorporated a number of improvements, especially an improved wing. Replaced the II in production.
  - Citation Bravo (Model 550) updated II and S/II with new PW530A engines, landing gear and Primus 1000 avionics.

Citation III (Model 650) all-new design.
- Citation IV was a proposed upgrade of the III, but was cancelled by Cessna.
- Citation VI (Model 650) was a low-cost derivative of the III which had a different avionics suite and non-custom interior design.
- Citation VII (Model 650) is an upgrade of the III, and is a current production aircraft.

Citation X (Model 750) (X as in the Roman numeral for ten), an all-new design, the fastest civilian aircraft in the world since the retirement of Concorde.

Citation Excel (Model 560XL), utilized a shortened Citation X fuselage combined with the V Ultra’s straight wing and the V’s tail; used new PW545A engines.
- Citation XLS, evolved from the Excel
- Citation XLS+ which includes FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) and a redesigned avionics system.
- Citation Sovereign (Model 680), utilizes a stretched version of the Excel’s fuselage with an all-new wing.

CitationJet (Model 525) essentially an all-new design, the only carry-over being the Citation I’s forward fuselage.
- CJ1 (Model 525) Improved version of the CitationJet
  - CJ1+ (Model 525) Improved version of the CJ1 with new engines
- CJ2 (Model 525A) Stretched version of the CitationJet
  - CJ2+ (Model 525A) Improved version of the CJ2 with increased performance.
  - CJ3 (Model 525B) Increase in size and performance
  - CJ4 Re-engined with [[Williams FJ44|Williams FJ44-4], and a swept wing.]

Citation Mustang (Model 510), a new Very Light Jet (VLJ), even smaller and lighter than the CitationJet I meant to compete with the new breed of VLJs from Embraer, Eclipse Aviation, and Adam Aircraft Industries.

Original Citation family

The Citation name also frequently applies to the original straight-wing family of jets, each of which has evolved from the first Citation I.

FanJet 500

In October, 1968, Cessna announced plans to build an eight-place business jet that, unlike its competition, would be suitable for operations from shorter airfields, essentially aiming to compete in the light-to-medium twin turboprop market, rather than the existing business jet market. First flight of the prototype aircraft, then called the FanJet 500, took place a little under a year later, on September 15, 1969 in aviation.

Citation I series

After a longer-than-expected development flight test program, during which the name Citation 500 was tried, and a number of changes to the design, the finished aircraft was debuted with the new name Citation (Model 500) and received its FAA certification in September, 1971. The aircraft was powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-1 turbofan engines. With fan engines, rather than turbojet engines such as powered the contemporary Learjet 25, and a straight, rather than swept wings, the Citation was over 120 knots slower than the Lear 25 (max speed of 350 kts compared with 473 kts for the LJ25), which led to nicknames such as "Slowtation" and "Nearjet", and raised eyebrows in the aviation media.

In 1976, several product improvements were added to the aircraft in response to market pressures, including a higher max gross weight and thrust reversers, which made shorter landing fields available to customers. With these improvements came the name Citation I.

When production on the Citation I finally ended in 1985, 377 airframes had been built. The aircraft’s position in the Citation product line was not filled until much later, with the introduction of the Cessna CitationJet.

Like the Learjets, the Citation I required a crew of two. But since the Citation was intended to be marketed against twin turboprops, which can be flown by a single pilot, this restriction limited its intended market. Cessna’s answer was the Model 501 Citation I/SP, with SP referring to its certified single-pilot capability. The aircraft was first delivered in early 1977, and a total of 312 aircraft were produced, and production also ended in 1985. New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson was killed in his Citation I/SP on August 2, 1979 while practicing takeoffs and landings.

Citation II series

Citation II operated by NOAA

The Citation II, Model 550, was a direct development from the Citation I. The earlier aircraft’s success in the market led Cessna to believe there was demand for a larger aircraft that utilized the same design philosophy. The result was the Citation II, which had a maximum seating capacity of 10. In addition to more seats, the plane had more powerful JT15D4 engines, faster speeds and longer range. First flight was on January 31, 1977, and the aircraft was certified for two-pilot operation in March, 1978. A total of 603 aircraft were built before the Citation II was replaced by the Bravo in the production line.

Like the Citation I/SP, the Model 551 Citation II/SP as Cessna’s means of competing in the turboprop market, which predominantly are operated single-pilot, so the aircraft was re-certified for single-pilot operations.

The Model 552 T-47A was the designation given by the U.S. Navy to the Citation II. Fifteen aircraft were purchased by the Navy to train its F-14 Tomcat Radar Intercept Officers. The T-47A was modified by incorporating JT15D5 engines, shortened wings, multiple radar consoles and the AN/APQ-159 radar system from the F-14. All but one were destroyed in a hangar fire, and the Navy replaced them with upgraded T-39s[32] Another version of the Model 552 was the OT-47B, five of which were purchased by the Department of Defense for use in drug interdiction reconnaissance operations, based at Maxwell Air Force Base. The OT-47B utilized the F-16’s APG-66(V) fire control radar system and the WF-360TL imaging system.

In October, 1983, Cessna announced that they would be improving the aircraft, and the upgraded Model S550 Citation S/II first flew February 14, 1984. The aircraft utilized an improved version of the engine, JT15D4B, while the rest of the improvements were aerodynamic in nature. The wing was replaced with one using a supercritical airfoil, which had been developed for the Citation III. The S/II was certified, like the II/SP, with a single-pilot exemption. Once certification was in hand, the S/II replaced the II in the product line in late 1984. However, due to market demands, the II was returned to production the following year, and both were produced side-by-side until replaced by the Bravo.

Citation V

Citation V

Citation V After stretching the Citation I to make the II, Cessna decided to increase the size of the cabin again, stretching the fuselage by another 20 inches, resulting in the largest member of the straight-wing family, the Model 560 Citation V. The first engineering prototype flew in August, 1987, and certification was granted in December, 1988. The aircraft utilized the T-47A’s JT15D5A engines for extra performance. By the time the aircraft was superseded in 1994, 262 had been built.

Citation Ultra and Encore

In 1993, Cessna decided to update the design, and announced that the Citation V Ultra, with the main differences being in the engines, which were the latest JT15D5D version, and the standard avionics suite, which was updated to the Honeywell Primus 1000 EFIS glass cockpit. The Primus 1000 replaced the standard "round dial" flight instruments with three CRT computer screens, one for each pilot and one center mulifunction display.

The UC-35A is the U.S. Army designation for the Citation V Ultra, which replaced older versions of the C-12 Huron.

Five years later, in 1998, the Model 560 was upgraded again as the Citation Ultra Encore, or just Encore, this time with Pratt & Whitney Canada PW535A engines and an increase in fuel capacity (resulting in longer wings). Another product improvement in December, 2006, brought the type up to the Citation Ultra Encore+, with the addition of FADEC-controlled PW535B engines.

The UC-35B is the Army designation for the Citation Encore.

Citation Bravo

By 1994, the Citation II and S/II had been in production for 10 years, and it was time to integrate new technology. Cessna thus announced the development of the Citation Bravo. While it was built on the basic S/II airframe, the new aircraft was powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PW530A engines. The main landing gear was replaced by the smoother-riding trailing link configuration adopted by other members of the Citation line, and the standard avionics suite was updated to the Honeywell Primus 1000 EFIS glass cockpit. The new aircraft first flew on April 25, 1995, but certification did not come for over a year, finally being granted in August, 1996.

Military operators

Argentina
Chile
People’s Republic of China
Ecuador
Mexico
Pakistan
Spain
United States
Venezuela

Specifications Cessna S550 Citation S/II

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Capacity: 8 passengers
Length: 47 ft 3 in (14.39 m)
Wingspan: 52 ft 3 in (15.91 m)
Height: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)
Wing area: 343 ft² (31.8 m²)
Empty weight: 8,060 lb (3,655 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 15,100 lb (6,850 kg)
Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D4B turbofans, 2,500 lbf (11.1 kN) each

Performance

Cruise speed: 403 knots (464 mph, 746 km/h)
Range: 2,000 nm (2,300 mi 3,700 km)
Service ceiling: 43,000 ft (13,100 m)
Rate of climb: 3,040 ft/min (15.4 m/s)

Cessna Citation

Citation product line lineage overview

Original Citation family

Military operators

Specifications Cessna S550 Citation S/II

Related Content

References

External links